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Evaluation Measures Tools that were used to operationalize the variables in the Ottawa Decision Support Framework are listed below. A sample of each tool is provided, along with a User Manual describing the tool's properties, scoring and directions for administration. These tools are protected by copyright but are freely available for you to use, provided you cite the reference in any questionnaires or publications. For further information, please e-mail the Ottawa Health Decision Centre.
Choice Predisposition/Decision A person’s leaning towards or propensity to select an option. Decision: person’s stated choice among alternatives. Enacted Decision: implementation of a chosen option as determined by self-report and/or verification strategy.
The decisional conflict scale measures personal perceptions of : a) uncertainty in choosing options; b) modifiable factors contributing to uncertainty such as feeling uninformed, unclear about personal values and unsupported in decision making; and c) effective decision making such as feeling the choice is informed, values-based, likely to be implemented and expressing satisfaction with the choice. The Decision Regret Scale measures "distress or remorse after a [health care] decision." (Brehaut, 2003)
‘Stage of Decision Making’ refers to the individual’s readiness to engage in decision making, progress in making a choice, and receptivity to considering or re-considering options. Although bearing some conceptual similarity to ‘stage of change’, it differs in two ways. First, the stages of decision making are elicited in finer detail to more precisely capture willingness to consider and re-consider options. This is important because a person’s response to decision supporting interventions (e.g. decision aids) will depend on the degree to which they are receptive. Moreover, the approach a person takes in counseling or coaching can be tailored to stage. For example, a coach may gently confirm that a person’s choice is informed and values-based if the person has already made up their minds; in contrast, a person in the earlier stage of decision making usually benefits from more detailed information about options and values clarification. Second, for values-based decisions, reasonable options do not involve change (e.g. forgoing amniocentesis, hormones for menopause, choosing watchful waiting for prostate problems). Therefore the goals in decision support involve progressing through stages of decision making, but not necessarily stages of change. (O'Connor, 2003)
‘Acceptability’ (of a decision aid) refers to ratings regarding the comprehensibility of components of a decision aid, its length, pace (if audio-visual), amount of information, balance in presentation of information about options, and overall suitability for decision making.
A ‘Knowledge’ questionnaire measures respondent’s cognizance of a clinical problem, its alternatives, rationale, main benefits, risks and side effects. Items focus on information considered essential for decision making.
‘Expectations’ refers to a person’s perceptions of the likelihood or probability of outcomes for
each option, which may also include ‘watchful waiting’.
‘Values’ refers to the desirability or personal importance a respondent places on the benefits and risks of an option.
Preparation for Decision Making The ‘Preparation for Decision Making’ scale assesses a patient's perception of how useful a decision aid or other decision support intervention is in preparing the respondent to communicate with their practitioner at a consultation visit and making a health decision (treatment / diagnostic / screening, etc.)
The ‘Decision Self-Efficacy Scale’ measures self-confidence or belief in one’s abilities in decision making, including shared decision making.
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